After the Bolshevik revolution, the Soviet Union was viewed as a strategic threat
by both Pahlavi Shahs. Stalin’s Red Army briefly occupied Iranian Azerbaijan and
Kurdistan/Mahabad until forced out by the first session of the new UN Security Council.
The last Shah of Iran was America’s “grandarme of the Gulf” and a fierce opponent of
Marxist Leninism and Soviet subversion in the Arab world and Afghanistan. However, the
Islamic revolution forced Tehran to tilt to Moscow once relations with the US collapsed
after the embassy hostage crisis in 1979. Putin sold Russian weapons systems and provided
diplomatic support to Iran in his quest to advance Russian influence in the Middle East.
The Russians have a vested interest in an Iran that cannot supply natural gas via pipeline
to Gazprom’s European clients. So the Kremlin was reluctant to assist with the diplomatic
reapproachement between the West and East since the end of sanctions would create another
global rival to Gazprom (other than Qatari LNG)
Access to Europe’s energy markets would be a historic event for Iran’s natural gas industry
and a historic victory for Zarif-Rouhani’s diplomacy after the Geneva nuclear agreement.
The Ukraine crisis therefore is an opportunity for London, Washington, Berlin, Paris and Brussels
to rethink the global isolation of Iran. However, the influence of hardline mullahs and the
Revolutionary Guard’s anti-reform business interests prevents any real economic perestroika
in Iran and the nuclear issue is still not resolved.